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The COVID-19 crisis has severely hampered the worldwide market, leading to several issues in the supply chain of several necessities, but a considerable increase in the healthcare sector for the pharmaceutical industry. Using machine learning, this research aims to comprehend and forecast pharmaceutical sector sales post-COVID-19. This paper analyzed the major non-communicable diseases and the pharmaceuticals used to treat them, discovered and determined the most significant factors, and utilized them to construct appropriate models for the study. An online survey was performed among Indian families using a structured questionnaire, including both open-ended and closed-ended questions on the family's health. Prior to and during the lockdown, information on non-communicable diseases and the usage of medications was gathered. Our results suggest that the unanticipated transformation in lifestyle has altered disease prevalence, which is a consideration for the pharmaceutical sector to address. And these models helped to figure out how disease levels were changing and how likely it was that the number of people with certain diseases would go up based on their symptoms. This gave a better idea of how to treat the patients. © 2023 IEEE.
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Background: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory infections. A factor that has recently caused a great deal of anxiety is anxiety associated with the coronavirus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety among medical personnel exposed to the new coronavirus pandemic. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted on 210 medical personnel working in hospitals and health centers in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Medical personnel, who were exposed to or not exposed to this disease, were included in the study through census sampling in 2021. The data collection tools used include a demographic information questionnaire and the Corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA in Excel software. Results: The mean score of anxiety of the medical personnel during the new coronavirus pandemic in Tasikmalaya was 30.02%. Furthermore, in the medical personnel, the mean score of mental symptoms (47.22%) was higher than physical symptoms (13.15%). The anxiety, and psychological, and physical symptoms scores for women was higher than for men personnel, and there was a significant difference between them (P ˂ 0.05). The demographic variables of gender (P = 0.001), work experience (P = 0.023), and number of family members (P = 0.004) had a statistically significant relationship with anxiety (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the level of anxiety among female personnel was higher than male personnel. As a result, holding training classes and stress management courses among all personnel, especially female personnel, should be considered. © 2023, Vesnu Publications. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic, with an enormous impact, resulting in human and economic losses. With anomalous lockdowns and closures, construction work all over the globe has come to a halt. Suspension of ongoing construction activities has engendered the construction and real estate industry to deal with critical issues like risk of global recession, shortage of building materials, workforce crunch, disruptions in supply chain, financial crisis and time overrun in construction projects. To this end, there is a need for innovative and practical feasible solutions to meet the challenges posed against the construction industry. The government, construction sector and scientific community can play a dominant role through collaborative and cohesive approach by adopting economical, social, managerial policies and technological solutions at different stakeholders' level. This paper highlights the key issues and challenges pretence by pandemic and paves a way for minimizing the effect and drawing a recovery plan. © 2023 DMICS.
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Background: Olfactory and taste dysfunctions have been identified as prominent signs of COVID-19 infection. The data on its prevalence, time of onset, and recovery is highly variable. Objective: The study was aimed at establishing the incidence of and the factors influencing smell and taste disorders in COVID-19-affected patients. Methodology: Telephonic interviews were used to collect data on the symptoms of COVID-19-positive patients, with an emphasis on smell and taste disorders. Patients have severe disease and a history of illnesses that may affect olfaction or taste, and those unwilling to participate were excluded. Results: A total of 1488 COVID-19-positive patients were identified. A total of 772 were included and interviewed, and their data were analysed. A total of 242 (31.3%) patients developed symptoms related to smell and/or taste. Anosmia (149) and ageusia (152) were the most common. Younger patients were more commonly affected (p = 0.0016). The presence and degree of smell symptoms and taste symptoms showed a small positive correlation (r =.234, p <.001). A strong relationship was seen with fever (r =.825, p <.001) and a significantly moderate relationship with breathing difficulty. There was no significant difference based on age or sex for the recovery of smell or taste sensations. There was a significant correlation between taste recovery and smell recovery times (p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Smell and taste disorders, as early clinical symptoms of COVID-19, may have a diagnostic as well as a prognostic value. Treatment protocols for these patients are yet to be defined. A positive association between these symptoms and breathing difficulty was found, and we recommend COVID-19 testing and monitoring of symptoms for all patients with new-onset OTD symptoms. A combination of active enquiry about these symptoms, along with objective testing when the patients present with COVID-19 symptoms may help in better understanding of the pathophysiology and timely initiation of treatment. © 2023, The Author(s).
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COVID-19, which is triggered by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, is the main reason of mortality in the whole world. This virus outbreak has clearly demonstrated that it is a pandemic. The global COVID-19 outbreak has galvanized whole scientific community to join forces in the fight against this viral threat. Scientists and huge pharmaceutical companies are working around the clock to discover a cure. This project consists of two parts: first, testing current medications against the COVID-19 onslaughts and second, developing, testing, and manufacturing a harmless and efficacious vaccination as a long-term solution for the pandemic. At the end of October 2020 COVID-19 had approximately 39000000 cases around the world with almost 1100000 deaths around the globe. Fever, cough, sore throat, anosmia, difficulty breathing and myalgia are some of the symptoms. There is evidence of immune cells migrating to damaged organs, resulting in overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines that help in the illness process and make the immune system a key component in the COVID-19 infection illness process. The first clinical trials for Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a promising medication, have been halted. The FDA then approved the use of recovered COVID-19 individuals with the same blood group's convalescent serum as a therapeutic option. Research is going on a number of possible vaccine candidates containing monoclonal antibody as method of eradicating this viral spread. The motive of this article is to review the recent pharmacological therapies under trial and the various vaccine candidates in development to stop this global pandemic.
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BACKGROUND: For many children and young people (CYP) with paediatric rheumatic conditions, glucocorticoid medications and their associated side-effects have a substantial impact on disease experience. Whilst there are physician-rated measures of glucocorticoid toxicity, no parallel patient reported measure has been developed to date for CYP with rheumatic disease. This manuscript describes a series of public patient involvement (PPI) events to inform the development of a future paediatric glucocorticoid-associated patient reported outcome measure (PROM). METHODS: One large group PPI event was advertised to CYP with experience of glucocorticoid medication use and their parents through clinicians, charities and existing PPI groups. This featured education on the team's research into glucocorticoid medication and interactive polls/structured discussion to help participants share their experiences. Further engagement was sought for PPI group work to co-develop future glucocorticoid studies, including development of a glucocorticoid associated PROM. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected from online questionnaires. The initiative was held virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Nine families (n = 15) including 6 CYP joined the large group PPI event. Online pre-attendance and post-attendance questionnaires showed improvement in mean self-reported confidence [1 = not at all confident, 5 = very confident] in the following: what steroid medications are (pre = 3.9, post = 4.8), steroid side effects (pre = 3.8, post = 4.6), patient-reported outcome measures (pre = 2.0, post = 4.5), available research on steroids (pre = 2.2, post = 3.5). Five families (n = 7) were involved in a monthly PPI group who worked alongside the research team to identify priorities in glucocorticoid research, produce age-appropriate study materials, identify barriers to study participation (e.g. accessibility & convenience) and recommend appropriate modalities for dissemination. The participants found discussing shared experiences and learning about research to be the most enjoyable aspects of the initiative. CONCLUSIONS: This PPI initiative provided a valuable forum for families, including young children, to share their perspectives. Here, the authors explore the effective use of PPI in a virtual setting and provide a unique case study for the involvement of CYP in PROM development. The monthly PPI group also identified a need for the development of a new PROM related to glucocorticoid medication use and provided unique insights into how such a study could be structured.
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The aim of this Study was to analyze the post vaccination symptoms after first & second dose of vaccine in Western UP and Delhi NCR. The study was conducted on the individual who have been administered either single or double dose of currently approved and Indian vaccine namely Covaxin and Covishield. It is found that vaccinated individuals are protected against symptomatic COVID-19 infection and severe progression. Internet has played an important role in our lives during the last decades and provides us information about two-third of world population at a single click. The current study was designed taking the advent of internet. The major criteria and parameters for the present study includes centre of vaccine administration, occupation of the participants besides the age and sex were also considered. © 2022 University of Stockholm. All rights reserved.
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SARS COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the world at various levels resulting in human loss, economic loss and environmental loss. In order to prevent the further transmission of COVID-19, a number of protective measures have been recommended and adopted by people, namely use of sanitizers, goggles, aprons, face covering, gloves and personal protective equipment (PPE) kits. Use of PPE kits has been very effective for health workers, such as doctors, nurses and policemen, however, the associated challenges including aftereffects of using PPE kits cannot be ignored completely. Same situation is being faced globally as people are using a giant volume of PPE in order to protect themselves from COVID-19 pandemic and its excessive use is generating huge quantity of PPE waste. This waste is causing huge environmental degradation, namely contamination of water, air and soil quality. In this paper an attempt has been made to describe the impact of PPE kits on human beings and global environment due to improper disposal methods. It also highlights the skin and respiratory problems confronted by healthcare workers caused by the use of PPE kits for extended hours indicating its long term impact on healthy living. A sustainable way of disposal and management of PPE waste has also been described. © 2022 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Objectives: : Occupational characteristics of dental care-including closed environment, proximity to staff and patients and the use of aerosol-generating procedures-put workers at high risk of COVID-19 exposure and transmission. We describe the frequency of workplace situations that potentially increase the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in dental care compared with other occupations including health care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using sociodemographic and occupational data from the 2016 Canadian census linked to workplace characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) dataset. We assessed frequency of workplace indicators using an intensity score from 0 (low) to 100 (high) from O*NET on exposure to infection or disease, physical proximity to others, indoor controlled environments, standard protective equipment and specialized protective equipment. Results: In 2016, 87 815 Canadians worked in the 5 dentistry occupations of interest: dentists;denturists;dental hygienists and dental therapists;dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants;and dental assistants. These occupations were routinely ranked in the top 10 of all occupations examined in terms of exposure to workplace indicators that increase the risk of exposure to COVID-19. Dental hygienists and dental therapists, dental assistants, dentists and denturists, rank as the top 4 occupations, in that order, with the highest exposure to disease or infection and physical proximity to others combined. Conclusion: Compared with other occupations, dental care workers are at a higher risk of occupational exposure to COVID-19. These results support the development of workplace guidance to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and enhance the well-being of the dental care workforce.
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The predominant mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is aerosols, and e-cigarettes/vaping products are a source of aerosols. There is a public health concern that the use of these products may increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission, susceptibility to COVID-19 and severity of the disease. Based on a review of existing literature, we found emerging evidence that suggests that people who vape are at higher risk of COVID-19, and, because of compromised lung function, their susceptibility to the disease and the severity of outcomes is increased. Aerosols generated by vaping products could be involved in the transmission of the virus when people are close to others who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and are vaping. These findings may be useful to health care professionals, including dental professionals, in providing evidence to support informing patients about vaping and how the use of vaping products impacts the risk of COVID-19 transmission, infection susceptibility and severity of illness.
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Today during ‘Covid-20’, people are more inclined towards online shopping. In general practice, analysis of browsing history and customer’s micro behaviour against online shopping habits have been used for future suggestions. Due to this, the predictions made were suffereing from over-similarity problem and the user was unable to find any novelty in the recommended items. Observing these issues, e-shopping quality can be enhanced by adding a factor other than similarity. The current research suggests and advertise those products which belongs to a person’s region. For this research work the data has been collected on the basis of area-wise, like, country-based seggregation. Here the considered dataset belongs to country, ‘India’, its culture, its handicraft and its citizens. Datasets and their combinations based on multiple attributes are input for the proposed predictive system. In this paper, existing data is also considered for collecting customers demographic details which is further mapped with the area-wise dataset. Also, a framework has been proposed which uses database and user query as input for its predictive system in order to generate default suggestions for the user other than the submitted query also. © 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Patients and public involvement (PPI) events allow families to use their own experience to contribute meaningfully to health research, as well as learn more about research processes and findings. Glucocorticoid medications, or steroids, and their side effects remain a central part of the patient experience across a range of paediatric rheumatic diseases. The research team hosted a virtual PPI event around the use of glucocorticoid medication in children and young people (CYP). Objectives: The aims of the virtual event were to share experiences of glucocorticoid treatment, provide education about the research team's work, and to identify future key CYP/parents that would continue to be involved in a smaller that PPI group to co-develop glucocorticoid associated clinical studies. Methods: The event was advertised to CYP with experience of glucocorticoid medication use and their parents through clinicians (n=4), charities (n=9) and patient groups (n=2), including their associated social media channels. The event was held virtually on Zoom due to Covid-19 restrictions. During the session, the research team shared findings from four on-going studies involving glucocorticoid medications. Interactive polls and structured discussion were used to help participants share their experiences of steroids. Pre- and post-attendance online questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative feedback about the event. Results: 11 families with a range of conditions necessitating glucocorticoid medication (JIA, Behcet's, Lupus, Nephrotic Syndrome, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis) participated from across the UK. The ages of CYP ranged from 2-26. Participants had used glucocorticoid medication through a variety of administration routes (oral, intravenous, intra-articular, topical, inhaled). The duration of use varied from <1 year to >10 years. Online pre-attendance and post-attendance questionnaires showed an improvement in mean self-reported confidence [1 = not at all confident, 5 = very confident] in the following: what steroid medications are (pre = 3.9, post = 4.8), steroid side effects (pre = 3.8, post = 4.6), patient-reported outcome measures (pre = 2.0, post = 4.5), available research on steroids (pre = 2.2, post = 3.5). Most participants (86%) reported that they were likely or very likely to attend future PPI events. Diversity was seen in the experiences and views of CYP in relation to glucocorticoid medication. Many reported several benefits including rapid improvement in their disease, reduced pain and improved mobility. However, there were a greater number of negative effects reported, impacting upon health-related quality of life, including effects on body image, school, mood and relationships with others. A number of participants reported the most enjoyable part of the event was hearing other participants' experiences. This suggests that PPI events offer avenues for insight and therapeutic benefit through sharing common experiences. Conclusion: PPI initiatives provide a valuable forum for both researchers and families to share their perspectives. They can be a useful educational tool to disseminate research findings that are relevant to patients and improve health research knowledge. Families found the experience to be beneficial and enjoyed the opportunity to share experiences on the effect of glucocorticoid medication on health-related quality of life. Five families opted into further PPI group work to engage in the co-development of future glucocorticoid studies.
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INTRODUCTION: Occupational characteristics of dental care - including closed environment, proximity to staff and patients and the use of aerosol-generating procedures - put workers at high risk of COVID-19 exposure and transmission. We describe the frequency of workplace situations that potentially increase the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in dental care compared with other occupations including health care. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using sociodemographic and occupational data from the 2016 Canadian census linked to workplace characteristics from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) dataset. We assessed frequency of workplace indicators using an intensity score from 0 (low) to 100 (high) from O*NET on exposure to infection or disease, physical proximity to others, indoor controlled environments, standard protective equipment and specialized protective equipment. RESULTS: In 2016, 87 815 Canadians worked in the 5 dentistry occupations of interest: dentists;denturists;dental hygienists and dental therapists;dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants;and dental assistants. These occupations were routinely ranked in the top 10 of all occupations examined in terms of exposure to workplace indicators that increase the risk of exposure to COVID-19. Dental hygienists and dental therapists, dental assistants, dentists and denturists, rank as the top 4 occupations, in that order, with the highest exposure to disease or infection and physical proximity to others combined. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other occupations, dental care workers are at a higher risk of occupational exposure to COVID-19. These results support the development of workplace guidance to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and enhance the well-being of the dental care workforce.
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We use the femtosecond laser-induced thermal lens spectroscopy for sensitive detection of the liquid-gas phase interface, which can provide an accurate size measure of aerosols. Mapping microscopic aerosol distribution is critical for COVID-19 transmission. © OSA 2021, © 2021 The Author(s)
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The stock market is an organized body where public companies offer their stocks through initial public offerings and traders buy/sell these stocks so as to obtain profits. It is dynamic and volatile in nature which makes the task of stock market trend prediction a complex problem. In recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic has made this task even harder. With the rising number of COVID-19 cases across the globe, the market has never been more volatile. This has resulted in the poor performance of various traditional trend prediction algorithms because these algorithms do not account for the impact of the pandemic on the stock market trends. The proposed work aims to enhance the stock market prediction ability of various common prediction models by taking into account the factors related to COVID-19. The forecasting techniques analysed are Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor and Support Vector Regressor (SVR). Currently the most affected countries by COVID-19 are the United States of America, India and Russia. Therefore we have analysed the prediction performance of various approaches discussed in this paper on S&P 500 Index, Nifty50 Index and RTS Index using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results obtained showcase that all the techniques used perform better when the COVID-19 features were included.